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The Zambia Institute of Chartered Accountants -ZICA- says the initiative by the Bank of Zambia -BOZ- to raise the Statutory Reserve Ratio to 17 percent has a huge disadvantage for Small and Medium Enterprises and it is a delay in the growth of entrepreneurship.

Speaking during the quarterly media briefing attended by the Zambian Business Times -ZBT, ZICA President Yande Mwenye said the move by BOZ will limit access to funds to small businesses as banks will ultimately deal with larger corporates. “Simply put, BOZ’s move has effectively squeezed money or liquidity out of circulation which will force commercial banks to only deal or lend money to pristine clients like the mines or big businesses,” said Mwenye.

On November 13th, 2023, the Bank of Zambia increased the statutory reserve ratios for both the kwacha and foreign currency by 3%, from 11.5% to 14.5%. This was done to address the persistent increase in inflation and the continued depreciation of the kwacha. To further address these issues, the central bank increased the statutory reserve ratio by an additional 2.5% to 17% on November 27th, 2023. The revised statutory ratio of 17% is based on the weekly return of selected assets and liabilities from that date. The aim of these actions was to tighten liquidity in the market and relieve the persistent pressure being experienced by the local currency.

ZICA president however noted that after a cumulative appreciation of 17% in the previous quarter, the kwacha depreciated by 5.8% against the US dollar in the third quarter of 2023. She further noted that between 1st September and 21st November 2023 the kwacha depreciated by a further 10.9% per dollar and that the depreciation trend of the kwacha has persisted in the fourth quarter with the kwacha trading at K23.3 per US dollar as of 21st November 2023.

She noted that the key drivers of the depreciation of the kwacha are low foreign exchange supply particularly from the mining sector, High demand by market players for various purposes including critical import of fuel, medicines, and agricultural inputs, tighter global financial conditions causing an outflow of foreign currency as foreign holders of Government securities divest from the domestic market thereby reducing forex inflows who have been typically suppliers of foreign exchange, as well as negative sentiments associated with the conclusion of protracted debt restructuring negotiations.

To potentially aid the downward depreciation of the Kwacha, ZICA has proposed some recommendations to the government which include, addressing Zambia’s deep-rooted structural disparity that has manifested itself in a mono-economy still heavily reliant on copper mining.

Mwenye added that the government must expedite the diversification of the country’s export base towards sectors such as Agriculture, Manufacturing, and Tourism as espoused in the 8th National Development Plan -NDP- and other policy documents. “This will ensure a multiplicity of sources of foreign currency thereby arresting depreciation overtime” said Mwenye.

Mwenye further mentioned that there is a need for BOZ to assess the impact of financial practices by large firms and how they influence the forex market to strengthen its interventions aimed at curbing these practices.

“From a fiscal policy angle, the Government must continue the work they are doing to reduce its debt service costs to decrease its demand for foreign currency, which has a direct effect on the depreciation of the Kwacha,” said Mwenye. She noted that the restructuring of the country’s debt is in the short term paramount and should be expedited as it will help reduce interest payments.

“In the long term, the government must continue to prioritize fiscal adjustment through containment of capital expenditure, which persistently widens the fiscal deficit and leads to further borrowing,” said Mwenye. She notes that the exchange rate remains a significant variable in Zambia’s economy hence the persistent depreciation of the Kwacha continues to pose economic challenges. She said going forward, a combination of short-term and long-term measures must be used to arrest the perpetual depreciation of the Kwacha. “This way, the Kwacha can be redeemed, and consequently the economy insulated from the shocks arising from the Kwacha’s depreciation,” said Mwenye.  

The Zambia Institute of Chartered Accountants -ZICA-

The Water Resources Management Authority -WARMA, has appealed to Members of Parliament –MPs- to help influence policy change that will allow for commercial entities to pay the full amount of water usage as opposed to being subsidized.

WARMA Director General Engineer Kenneth Nyundu said only vulnerable communities should be subsidized noting that the money should be channeled to subsidize those who do not have portable water in rural communities, but that those using water for commercial purposes should be able to pay for it. He said commercial entities only pay about a percentage thereby not contributing to the management of the resource.

Speaking during a meeting attended by the Zambian Business Times-ZBT, with Parliamentarians, and members of the Energy, Water, and Tourism, Planning and Budgeting Committee, aimed at educating them on the challenges being faced by the authority in ensuring the sustainability of the source, Nyundu said more emphasis has been placed on water supply which is important, but noted that the source is being neglected.

“So when the source dries, these will be white elephants, there will be no water to supply. It is commendable that investment has been done in this to make sure that we have infrastructure in place, but it is time we addressed this part because from our information, water availability is diminishing” said Nyundu. He noted that some time back in the 1960s, per capita availability of water resource thousand cubic meters, but is now at five thousand per capita due to population increase.

Nyundu warned that Zambia will face a crisis if the country continues ignoring the water bodies which are supposed to sustain it as there will be no water to supply, but infrastructure in place. He said serious attention needs to be given to this sub sector to ensure that the country secures what it has, as opposed to waiting until the country is in an awkward situation like some countries in the region.

Nyundu said that for the authority to be fully operational, the budget needed annually is 249.8 million without capital expenditure. He however noted that currently the authority is lingering around 61 million, with government grants which are around 18.5 million, and a financing cap of 169. He said with this, the authority is stuck and cannot progress.

“Whatever we get in terms of fees, we are only able to discharge 30 percent of our mandate. We cannot move forward, and the reason is simple, the numbers we cannot employ, we do not have state of art equipment and tools to use” said Nyundu.

He reemphasized that that the annual budget need to 385 million kwacha against the less than 100 million kwacha being used now to operate.

He disclosed that currently there are about 2,139 individuals, and entities that have been permitted to use water commercially, but are not paying enough to help maintain the resource in comparison to what they use.

Nyundu said the numbers are good, but because of the fee structure used 1,519 out of the 2,139 pay from the ranges of K10 to K3, 000 only. “What the majority pay is very little. The following category which is paying between 3,000 and 100,000 per annum are only about 500, and the bigger guys who are able to pay us more than 100 thousand per annum are only 120” disclosed Nyundu.

He added that the increase in population and economic activities is literally impacting on the country’s risk resource in terms of pollution, and that if there is no capacity to manage it, it will be a disaster especially for ground water which is difficult to clean up. He said there is need to prevent than to start curing.

Nyundu noted that the increase demand for development of land has led to people are building in the river birds where it is supposed to be recharge area, claiming marshlands, swamp areas, and seem not to understand why such areas should not be tempered with. He explained that these areas are the ones that are supposed to sustain the flow of water in rivers throughout the year.

“So when it is not raining, these are the areas which discharge that water they keep to the rivers for the rivers to flow. Most small rivers here in Lusaka have dried up because where the marshlands were supplying which were the source of water for those, we have since built, and we get surprised when the rivers are dried up” said Nyundu.

He added that deforestation has also contributed to the reduction of water availability, noting that there is too much evaporation, and runoff. He said this is what is leading to load shedding; noting that load shedding is not an energy problem, but a water problem evidenced by the dependence on hydro power.   

Nyundu further mentioned that local authorities continue to move on within their mandate to things without consultation from an institution like WARMA which is negatively impacting on the resource. He also mentioned that there is no appreciation of the value water resources have and bring to any product or service being given. Nyundu said that if the country continues in this trajectory, the capital availability of water will reduce to 1, 000, and will be no different from water stressed countries like Botswana, and Namibia among others, and will be too late to reverse it.

He said due lack of resources, the authority is failing to map the country to ensure that areas of need are identified and declared as protected areas for future use owing to the increasing population.

Nyundu has therefore appealed to members of parliament to fully support the water sector particularly the subsector of Water Resource Management, and appreciate the challenges being faced.

Nyundu therefore said there is need to influence policy change, which can only be done through the members of parliament. He has called on the MPs to support bills that will be presented in parliament by the responsible minister in a bid to secure the natural resource and avoid a water crisis.

And Acting Chairman for the joint Committee of Energy, Water and Tourism, Planning and Budgeting Committee, Dr. Chitalu Chilufya who is also MP for Mansa Central has called on WARMA to review the system to make it transformational to ensure resilient and sustainable financing, and translate Zambia’s into wealth for the people.

He noted that the members have heard WARMA’S challenges on financing, and has urged that the authority’s system must include sustainable and resilient financing. He noted that relying on grants may not adequate. He has advised the authority to engage stakeholders to ensure that the process of reviewing fees is expedited. “You do need to be apologetic charging those small fees when people are actually making huge profits” said Chilufya. He     He has therefore assured WARMA the support of the MPs.   

The Water Resources Management Authority -WARMA, has

Petauke Central Independent Member of Parliament – MP, Emanuel Jay Jay Banda has alleged that his constituency and many other constituencies in Zambia have only received k5.8 million out of the k28.3 million allocated for the 2023 constituency development fund (CDF). because all funds are given at once regardless of one’s political affiliation.

The government during the 2024 National Budget presentation announced that it has increased constituency development fund (CDF) allocation for 2024 to K30.6 million in each constituency from the current K28.3 million.

Speaking in an exclusive interview with the Zambian Business Times – ZBT Banda however revealed that recently there has been an ongoing debate in parliament where some members of parliament have been alleging that only MPs from the ruling party have received the full amount of the 2023 CDF in their constituencies.

He said that MPs are currently carrying out a fact-finding to ascertain whether or not only the ruling party MPs have received the 2023 CDF funds.

“We haven’t received the 2023 constituency development fund for 2023 in full. We have only received 5.8 million. All the constituencies in Zambia haven’t received because they give at once regardless of the MP’s political affiliation but there was that argument in parliament where they were saying that the members of parliament from the ruling party have received the full amount but we don’t have evidence yet because we are still carrying out our investigation,” he said.

“For 2023 we are supposed to receive k28.3 million but we have only received k5.8 million. We haven’t been told why the full CDF amount has not been given to us in full. So right now we are blank we don’t know what is happening,” said Banda.

Meanwhile, Banda encouraged members of the public to go to their various constituencies and find out the money reflected in the 2023 CDF accounts.

He added that every parliamentarian must ensure that the government distributes public funds accordingly.

“As long as you are a voter you are free to go and find out from your constituencies on the money available in the CDF account for 2023. The job of a member of parliament is to be a bridge between the people and the government. The job of an MP is to ensure that the government distributes this national cake very well according to our constitution so if they won’t do so it will be our duty to ask them in parliament. That’s the reason people vote for us,” said Banda.

Petauke Central Independent Member of Parliament –

ZSIC Life seems to have abandoned plans and ignored a standing government directive to list on the Lusaka Securities Exchange – LuSE after about four years of dragging its feet to offer some of its shares to the public and become more transparent.

The life insurer has opted to remain mute on when they will finally get listed on LuSE after the first announcement and government directive in the 2019 national budget. The company has however not yet been listed despite its peer – ZAFFICO, successfully listing after being announced at the same time.

It has been about four (4) years since the initial announcement, but the company has not been listed yet. Should it surely take a decade (10 years) to list? Efforts by the Zambian Business Times – ZBT to get a confirmation from ZSIC Life and find out how far the company has gone with the process of getting listed on LuSE proved futile by press time.

ZBT has since followed up with a press query but indications from ZSIC Life are that there is a new board that has been appointed and would only revert after they have settled in. However, analysts say the time lapsed may signal that this listing may have been abandoned.  

ZBT on the 30th of July 2020 reported that the government had in 2019 announced that both ZAFFICO and ZSIC life would be listed on LuSE to enable the state-owned companies to raise more capital for investment and achieve the added benefits of listing which resulted in the improvement of corporate governance and best business practices.

The Industrial Development Corporation –IDC, the holding company of ZSIC Life had confirmed plans to list ZSIC Life on LuSE in the very year as reported by ZBT on August 18, 2020. IDC public relations officer Namakau Mukelebai then told the ZBT in an exclusive interview that the action is part of the wider strategic intent of IDC to position ZSIC Life for wider public participation, with the medium-term objective of listing on the main board of LuSE.  

Mukelebai further confirmed that delays were experienced on account of travel restrictions associated with the COVID-19 pandemic. She had further noted that it is a strategic intent of IDC to have ZSIC Life listed on LuSE as soon as market conditions allow as it is consistent with the aspirations of IDC to see wider public participation in the shareholding of profitable public enterprises and support the deepening of the domestic capital markets by providing supply of quality listings.

In 2021, ZSIC Life postponed its initial public offer – IPO listing of its shares on LuSE to the following year 2022.  The company was expected to undertake a public offer of its shares in 2021 following the postponement of its listing in 2020. It is now the end of 2023 and the insurance company has not shared timelines or specific plans to list on the local bourse.

Listing on the LuSE is critical, especially for loss-making and companies that are breaking even as it is one key way of ensuring accountability and efficiency in the State Owned Enterprises – SOEs. Listing further helps to ensure high standards of corporate governance thereby promoting profitability through improved financial performance.  

ZSIC Life seems to have abandoned plans

The Zambia Meteorological Department (ZMD) says the ongoing heat waves are expected to have a significant impact on agricultural crops, noting that with temperatures soaring above average levels, the crops are likely to suffer from dehydration and reduced yield.

The situation has since raised concerns among farmers and agricultural experts, who fear that the heat waves could lead to food shortages and economic losses. According to ZMD, the heat waves are expected to increase and persist for some days.

The impact of the heat waves on the agricultural sector is likely to have a ripple effect on the economy, given that agriculture is a key driver of Zambia’s economy.

The country heavily relies on agriculture for food security, employment, and export earnings and a decline in crop yields could lead to higher food prices, reduced incomes for farmers, and lower foreign exchange earnings for the country.

According to the Zambia Meteorological Department (ZMD), during the period 5th to 11th December, an increase in temperature is anticipated with Valley areas likely to exceed 40 degrees Celsius.

Speaking in an exclusive interview with the Zambian Business Times – ZBT, ZMD Senior meteorologist Peggy Thole noted that there is currently a delay in farmers planting their crops due to the heat which is making the soil hard even for those that have already planted their crops as the soil is losing moisture causing plants to dehydrate.

“There is that delay in planting and because of too much heat, you find that the soil is becoming harder and more of the moisture is being lost so with this heat, we need some good rain for the moisture to remain in the soil but if we have a bit of rain and the heat continues, it means that that moisture will just evaporate off and it may not be very useful to the crops.”

“The current heat wave is not just being experienced in Lusaka it’s almost the whole country. Where it is getting better is in areas where they are experiencing rains otherwise it’s very hot in the valley areas like Mfuwe, Chirundu and Siavonga. Valley areas are much hotter. People should avoid being dehydrated by taking water because once one gets dehydrated, other diseases come in,” said Thole.

The ongoing heat waves pose a significant threat to Zambia’s agricultural sector, and urgent measures need to be taken to mitigate the impact.

The government and other stakeholders have been challenged to invest in climate-smart agriculture research and development to help farmers adapt to changing weather patterns.

The Zambia Meteorological Department (ZMD) says the

Zambia’s annual inflation rate has continued shooting up with the year on year inflation for the month of November 2023 reaching 12.9 percent (about 13 percent) from 12.6 percent in October 2023.

Earlier prominent Lusaka based Economist had challenged the Zambia Statistical Agency – ZAMSTATS, to start releasing inflation statistics relevant to the general Zambian citizenry as the 12.6 percent inflation rate as of October 2023 which has now increased to 13%, does not reflect the true picture of what is on the ground adding that the Zambia’s inflation is hovering around 20 -30 percent if the key consumer products are considered.

According to the Zambia Statistics Agency –ZAMSTATS- report, the 12.9 percent increase for November 2023 has been attributed to price increases in food and non-food items. The annual food inflation is reported to have increased to 13.7 from 13.6 percent in October 2023.

The continued acceleration of Zambia’s inflation rate to have had several negative effects on the already struggling economy. This will likely lead to a decrease in purchasing power as prices of goods and services increase which would in turn lead to a decrease in consumer spending and a slowdown in economic activity. This will be particularly challenging for especially low-income households who are already struggling to afford basic necessities.

The 12.6 percent is against the central banks 6 – 8 percent target for this year.

ZAMSTAT Statistician-General Mulenga Musepa further indicated that the overall monthly inflation was recorded at 0.9 percent from 0.8 percent in October 2023, and food inflation increased to 0.9 percent from 0.7 percent.

Musepa stated that monthly non-food inflation has remained at 0.9 percent as recorded in October whereas the annual non-food inflation increased to 11.8 percent from 11.3 percent in October.   

He said the provincial inflation increased with Western province having contributed the highest percentage of 14.7 percent which is a reduction from the previous 14.9 percent last month.  

Western Province was followed by Lusaka Province which contributed 14.1 percent from 14.5 percent, Central Province 13.7 percent from 12.p percent, Luapula Province 13.6 percent from 13.9 percent, North Western Province 13.0 percent from 11.9 percent, Northern Province 12.8 percent from 13.1 percent, Southern Province 12.3 percent from 10.9 percent, and Eastern Province which contributed 10.2 percent from 10.5 percent respectively.

Musepa also revealed a reduction in trade for the month of October 2023 by 7.0 percent to K36.6 billion from K34.09 billion in September 2023. A trade deficit of K1.0 billion has also been recorded for the month of October 2023 compared to a deficit of K0.8 billion recorded in September 2023.

In regards to exports, Musepa revealed that exports decreased by 8.0 percent from K15.8 billion in October 2023 to K17.2 billion in September 2023.

Export earnings decreased from refined copper in October 2023 by 14.8 percent to K9.2 billion from K10.8 billion in September 2023.

Zambia's annual inflation rate has continued shooting

The Zambia Consolidated Copper Mines Limited (ZCCM-IH) has announced Dubai-based United Arab Emirates’ International Resources Holdings (UAE ‘s IRH) as the new strategic equity partner in Mopani Copper Mines – MCM.

The move comes after earlier queries by the Zambian Business Times –  ZBT regarding the Ministry of Mines’ failure to meet its production targets.

Mopani is considered a critical asset for the Zambian economy and is considered to be one of Zambia’s largest mining firms but its current state has made the mine remain weak with a negative impact on economic growth and tax revenues as it is unable to double its production.

Mopani needs about $300 million capital injection to make the mine fully productive and enable the company to complete its expansion project in a bid to double production the delay to recapitalize the mine has hurt the economy as it has affected the country’s copper production which has continued dropping year in and year out.  

Plans by the Zambian government through the Ministry of Mines and Minerals Development to search for an investor to take over Mopani’s operations had dragged on after the government took over the asset from Glenco in 2021.

The details of the deal, however, have not yet been made public.

Details to follow…..

The Zambia Consolidated Copper Mines Limited (ZCCM-IH) has

The Fourth Mobile Operator Beeline has yet again for the third running year shifted the dates for the commencement of operations to 2024 after about 3 failed attempts to commence operations.

In February 2021, the Zambia Information and Communications Technology Authority – ZICTA announced that it had granted Beeline Telecom Limited a 4TH license to commence mobile phone operations in the country and it was required that the Company commence operation within the next six months failure to which, the license would be revoked.

Concerned stakeholders have however questioned the decision-making process after several failed attempts to commence operations suggesting that it may be an indicator of deeper issues within the organization.

Ministry of Science and Technology Permanent Secretary Dr. Brilliant Habeenzu confirmed that Zambia’s fourth mobile network operator Beeline which will be trading as Zedmobile will only be able to make its first call in January 2024 following an extension granted after they failed to commence operations in July 2023. This is however still debatable looking at several extensions given without action.

ZICTA extended Beeline’s deadline for launch from 30th June 2022, to 31st January 2023 and and latter on the dates where moved to July 2023 and now extended to 2024.

There have also been allegations indicating that the Company has failed to commence operations as they do not have the muscle to fund the project looking at several extensions that have been made so far without having the operator on Board. Others have also questioned why ZICTA has failed to cancel the license as it is clear that the Company has failed to bring the 4th Mobile Network.

Speaking in an exclusive interview with the Zambian Business Times -ZBT, Dr. Habeenzu    disclosed that Beeline anticipated that they would not meet the conditions earlier given to them in terms of the deadline for them to make the first call. He disclosed that they wrote to the board seeking for an extension of which when considered, the board was convinced that the reasons given were valid hence gave them an extension to make their first call in January 2024. “We are only looking at December, and when we get into January we should also begin to ask the very same questions if they will not have made their call at that time” said Habeenzu.

He explained that by January Beeline should have installed their equipment, and people should be able to make a phone call and the company should begin to grow through the coming on board of customers and expanding their network.

Habeenzu said many people are looking to Beeline coming on board because it will create employment. He said the coming of Beeline will also bring in healthy competition noting that citizens will benefit from competition in the market.  “We also hope that they will be able to penetrate other markets especially the under saved and unsaved areas where other existing Mobile Network Operators (MNOs) may not have gone to” said Habeenzu.  He said this will help expand and answer to one of the goals of the 8th National Development Plan which is to ensure that the country provides network coverage by population to the tune of 96 percent. “If they come and they begin to roll out, and get to other areas that have not been touched or reached, then they are helping us answer that call” said Habeenzu.

Habeenzu further mentioned that if Beeline fails to make their first call by January 2024, there are rules provided on how the regulator must handle the matter. He said part of the rules may include the cancellation of the whole license, or another extension which is dependent on what they have already done. He explained that if they have already invested quite a lot, the regulator will be able to see and determine also depending on how convincing other reasons may be. He said assuming that they do not make their first call in January, and the regulator who in this case is ZICTA goes to inspect their investment and realizes that it is too much to let them leave it on the way in addition to other issues that may be considered, another extension may probably be given. “But from where I seat as government, I want them to make the first call so that citizens can begin to enjoy” said Habeenzu.

He said Beeline must be able to give the Zambian market a first call in January 2024 according to the conditions they have been given by the regulator. He said if they do not meet the conditions, the regulator is without any interference mandated to do what they have to and treat Beeline in accordance with the set guidelines. “If it means cancelling the license, they will do it, if it means giving another extension, they will do it.

He has therefore encouraged Beeline to ensure that the first call is made by January next year according to what they had agreed with the regulator. He said government wants Beeline to make a difference in the Information Communication and Technology (ICT) sector.     

The Fourth Mobile Operator Beeline has yet

Airtel Mobile Commerce Zambia has announced the initiation of Bill Muster services on mobile money an innovative service designed to make the lives of students, parents, and guardians easier by allowing them to pay their school fees seamlessly through the Airtel mobile money.

The service is expected to benefit millions of people who previously had to rely on cash or in-person transactions to pay their bills as they will no longer need to visit a physical payment center or bank. All they need is a mobile phone and an Airtel mobile money account.

Speaking during the unveiling partnership with ZANACO for the Bill Muster service, Ministry of Education Permanent Secretary Administration, Noriana Muneku commended Airtel and the other Companies for coming up with an easier way to transact calling the bill muster on Airtel money a revolutionary new service that allows customers to pay school bills quickly and easily using a mobile phone.

“With bill muster on Airtel money, students, parents and guardians can now say goodbye to long queues and the hassle of paying bills in person. The Government of Zambia is always pleased to support initiatives that are aimed at making lives for our communities easier,” Muneku said.

She said “In this day and age where digital transformation has accelerated, it is fundamental that organizations move with the times.  it is encouraging to see that this event is true to promoting the use of technology as a solution for schools, universities, and colleges.”

Airtel Networks Zambia Plc, Interim Managing Director, Hussam Baday, said it was a delight to see the evolution of technology and the creation of strategic partnerships.

“We are firm believers that when great companies come together, great things happen. Coming from the telecommunication industry we are living proof that technology enhances services therefore the collaboration we see today will positively benefit many Zambians,” Baday said.

Speaking at the same event, Airtel Mobile Commerce Country Director, Andrew Chuma said the partnership unveiling was a testament to what happens when a big strong, and reliable brand partners with an Instant secure and borderless payments brand. 

“What has happened now is that Airtel Money has come on board to simplify the Bill Muster product even further. Now, anyone, be it a parent, guardian, student, or pupil with an active Airtel Mobile Money wallet can make a payment for fees to their respective institution using Zanaco Bill Muster,” Chuma said.

Meanwhile, ZANACO Managing Director, Mukwandi Chibesakunda said in recognizing that like Zanaco, Airtel money had a wide reach, the partnership meant the service would now be more widely available.

“Zanaco considers the bill muster solution as a pioneering customer-focused product. the addition of this service on Airtel mobile money is in line with our digital agenda and a further enhancement of our customer experience. we will continue to innovate through strategic partnerships such as these to give the Zambian people efficient payment methods and ease of payments,” Chibesakunda said.

According to Airtel Zambia Corporate Communications Manager Yuyo Nachali Kambi-Kambi, the new service on the Airtel Mobile Money platform can be accessed through *115# – Select 4 – Make Payments – Option 7 (school fees)- Select your University, College, or School, enter student number, enter the amount, and then Enter the pin.

Kambi-Kambi said the service is limited to student payments concerning their school fees payments and is only available to Airtel Zambia subscribers and with payments to learning institutions in Zambia.

Airtel Mobile Commerce Zambia has announced the