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The governance and development advocates Zambia Executive Director Elias Mulenga has questioned the professionalism of a Zambia National Service – ZNS Officer involved in the shooting of a 15-year-old Juvenile in the Copperbelt Province.

Recently, the Zambia National Service – ZNS officer in Kankoyo Township of Mufulira district during an anti-mealie meal smuggling operation, killed a 15-year-old juvenile identified as Chrispin Bunda after shooting at the deceased.

According to the police report, the deceased was killed after a ZNS officer used live ammunition to disperse people who were obstructing the officers from searching their premises suspected to be harboring mealie meal destined for the democratic republic of Congo – DRC.

This is not the first time law enforcement agencies shot dead a member of the general public as a similar incident happened in 2020 when the late State Prosecutor Nsama Nsama and a late UPND supporter were killed by a 25-year-old Police Officer Constable Fanwell Nyundu of then Matero Police Camp.

Nsama and Kaunda were shot dead near the Cabinet Office as police Officers dispersed the then-opposition UPDN supporters who had gone to offer solidarity to the opposition President of the UPND who was being questioned at Police Headquarters in Lusaka.

Governance and Development advocates Zambia Executive Director Elias Mulenga, has since called on law enforcement agencies to apply professionalism in the way they execute state duties especially when their execution involves members of the general public.

Speaking in an exclusive interview with the Zambian Business Times – ZBT, Mulenga said that the officers should avoid executing their duties using live ammunition and engage members of the general public cordially.

Mulenga expressed sadness on the continued untimely demise of innocent souls and has since emphasized the need to protect Zambia’s peace.

He has also called on members of the general public to follow laid down procedures and comply with the law whenever they are approached by state security.

“We are saddened and mourning with the family and the state for the loss of life in Mufulira. The whole incident happened due to a confrontation by members of the community and the officers from the Zambia National Service. Our officers need to apply professionalism in the way they execute state duties especially when it comes to meeting members of the community who are being subjected to all sorts of forms in finding what to put on the table, especially with the high cost of living that the country and the world at large is currently facing,” he said.

“We wish to urge members of the community to always comply whenever they are approached by state security. Equally, the state should engage members of the community and not always apply the law using live bullets. You can meet members of the community who are dressed up in civilian uniforms and engage them so that you can have a cordial relationship. Zambia is a peaceful country; we don’t want to see blood. That blood of that boy who has been killed will be crying and the onus will be on us as Zambians who are citizens. Let’s ensure that we preserve the peace and apply the law. Residents should also ensure that they follow laid down procedures and be in subjection to the people that are taking the lead of the nation,’ said Mulenga.

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The governance and development advocates Zambia Executive

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High-level corruption allegations have arisen over the award of the Lumwana – Kambimba Public Private Partnership – PPP deal to the well-known Sandstone Consortium.

A media investigation by the Zambian Business Times – ZBT following the allegations has revealed that the consortium promoters have no known financial or technical capacity to undertake a project of such magnitude.

It is also not clear if they were the only bidder as sources at the Road Development Agency – RDA say its details seem to be very sensitive and secretive even internally.

ZBT contacted the one-man Sandstone Consortium Representative during the signing ceremony held at Solwezi by Minister of Infrastructure Charles Milupi, Marcus Ascort who only promised to get back but later could not be reached as his phone went unanswered.

Ascort had been part of the promoters of the GED Africa Consortium that promoted the recently launched Mwenda – Kasomeno Road and auxiliary infrastructure deal, which a source told ZBT that it took long partly due to this same structure were a company without capacity simply gets a high-value contract and later sells it at a profit to qualifying partners.

The corruption allegations are that the PPP deal was given to Sandstone Consortium at a huge margin, which they would then cash in after finding and selling the contract or company equity to actual companies that have the financial and technical capabilities to undertake the project.

In an actual sense, this involves public officials knowingly giving out a large contract value to a company with no capacity and track record for purposes of sharing the discount, an act of alleged corruption and abuse of office.

This also means that the public pays more for these projects. ZBT has since reached out to the Road Development Agency – RDA to get the full details for the deal to have it independently reviewed over allegations that it has been issued at a steep discount.

Most such deal documents are not made publicly available for fear that independent experts would be able to call the bluff

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High-level corruption allegations have arisen over the

Companies

The air travel industry is making a remarkable comeback as the recovery hits an unprecedented 111 percent to pre-COVID-19. The latest data shows that air travel is bouncing back with a year-on-year growth of 15%.

According to the Zambia Airports Corporation Limited, – ZACL half-year performance report emailed to the Zambian Business Times – ZBT, by the Corporation’s Communications and Brand Manager, Mweembe Sikaulu, the aviation industry has continued on its positive trajectory to passenger traffic recovery with a target of full recovery by 2024.

Sikaulu disclosed that during the third quarter of 2023, ZACL handled about 581,000 passenger movements compared to 507,000 and 524,853 over the same period in 2022 and 2019, respectively, representing a year-on-year growth of 15% and a recovery of 111% to pre-COVID-19 levels.

She explained that International passengers accounted for 71% of total passengers in the quarter whereas domestic passengers accounted for 29%.

Sikaulu added that in terms of aircraft movements, the Corporation recorded a total of 18,793 landings and take-offs in quarter three and this represented 99.5% of the pre-COVID-19 movements and a 21% growth when compared to prior year movements. “Domestic flights accounted for 66% of the aircraft movements whereas international flights accounted for 34%.”

“Year-to-date overall passenger traffic recovery was 94% at the end of quarter three. Domestic passengers have recovered by 134%, surpassing the 2019 pre-COVID-19 levels while international passengers have recovered by 98.9%. The top 5 routes in the quarter were Lusaka-Johannesburg, Lusaka-Ndola, Lusaka-Dubai, Lusaka-Addis Ababa and Lusaka-Harare. The Corporation recorded its peak passenger traffic in August as this coincides with the summer season in Europe.” She said.

Sikaulu said the increased domestic passenger performance is a result of events such as the 45th Association of African Central Banks Annual Meeting and the Civil Air Navigation Services Organisation (CANSO) Africa Regional Conference held in Livingstone as well as the 95th Agricultural and Commercial Show that took place in Lusaka. “It is important to note that domestic recovery has been necessitated by the competitive pricing provided by Proflight Zambia and Zambia Airways on local routes.”

Meanwhile, Sikaulu said that cargo, mainly carried on passenger planes decreased by about 2 percent to 4,526 tons in quarter three of 2023 when compared to 2022.

She noted that Cargo is still suffering the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic coupled with weak demand for the export market as well as the impact of the exchange rate on the import market.

Sikaulu however said the Corporation remains committed to supporting airlines in providing a seamless experience for passengers to maintain customer satisfaction.

She said the Corporation will continue to develop strategic partnerships and alliances with industry players to make Zambia an attractive destination for inbound tourism.

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The air travel industry is making a

Markets

Association OF Microfinance Institutions in Zambia -AMIZ says there is a possibility for interest rates to be pushed up following the decision by the Central Bank to increase the statutory reserve ratio by 3 basis points in a bid to control inflation. AMIZ president Webster Mate said the increase means banks will have to deposit more than what they were initially deposited with the central bank. He noted that all deposit-taking financial institutions have a requirement under the law to keep statutory reserves with the central bank. “What that does essentially is to withdraw a certain amount of money out of circulation” noted Mate. He said this means that those who want to borrow cannot borrow as much as they want because the price has gone up, and the amount of money available for them to borrow has also gone down. Speaking in an exclusive interview with the Zambian Business Times ZBT, Mate said it is likely that interest rates on credit will be pushed higher. Noting that if the demand is high and supply is low it could have a short-term effect on the interest rates. He noted that the measures the central bank is implementing are to try and arrest runaway inflation which he has been caused by oil prices, as well the country’s economic factors such as the mealie meal price among others. He also noted that the exchange rate is not doing well which may have coerced the decision. “These decisions when taken take time, more than a year in some cases for the desired effect to be seen. So in the short term before that desired effect comes, you are likely to see negative reparations like interest rates rising” said Mate. Mate further mentioned that Zambia is an economy where the demand for credit is huge and that regardless of what happens, borrowing is still almost undeterred. He said the difference between the levels of supply and demand is too huge. He noted that interest rates are also heavily dependent on the financial institution’s factors. He noted financial institutions also borrow money which means a cost of funding and have operating costs which also affect the interest rates, as well as an estimate of non-performing loans or loan loss which also has an impact. “If an institution projects that it will lose more money, it has to recover that. All those are some of the factors that go into the computation of interest rates” said Mate.
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Association OF Microfinance Institutions in Zambia -AMIZ

Companies

Proper water and sanitation is foundational to Zambia’s developmental progress but currently, millions of Zambians do not have access. In order to achieve universal access to water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) by 2030 – as envisioned in Zambia’s long-term development goals – the private sector is a key partner with underutilized potential.

WASH directly impacts human health, but is also strongly associated with economic development, education, and social wellbeing. According to the 2018 DHS survey, 35% of children under five are currently too short for their age, indicating poor nutrition and lack of WASH access. Children with access to clean water are better positioned to stay healthy, stay in school, and live a successful life contributing to Zambia’s economy.

Since 2000, Zambia’s water supply coverage has increased from 47% to 68% and sanitation coverage has increased from 20% to 36% according to the Joint Monitoring Program (JMP). This is a huge accomplishment but the progress is not sufficient to make universal WASH access by 2030 a reality. JMP also shared that currently, over seven million Zambians are without a reliable safe water supply and over 12 million Zambians lack access to proper sanitation.
Zambia needs an estimated $3.7 billion, both for new infrastructure and existing facilities’ operation and maintenance, in order to bridge that gap.

As of today, Zambia’s WASH budget is only 1.5% of the newly approved national budget – the same percentage as last year. Although public investment should grow appropriately in order for Zambia to surmount its WASH challenges, we recognize that Zambia’s national budget is under serious strain – which is why facilitating private sector investment is even more critical.

Currently, Zambia lacks adequate water resource management facilities; construction of those facilities is largely in the private sector domain. The private sector is equipped to supply key WASH accessories and take over the operation, maintenance, and management of WASH services. Additionally, lack of centralized sanitation services presents a large opportunity for the private sector to bridge the service gap by supporting fecal sludge management and waste collection.

However, in order for the private sector to seize the opportunity to contribute to Zambia’s WASH sector, Zambia needs a business environment that supports the private sector, including reasonable tariffs that cover that cost of producing key services. The private sector should also be able to enter contracts without going through the Ministry of Finance, thus streamlining the process. Additionally, Zambia needs procurement reforms that streamline lengthy and complex contracting processes. Lastly, the procurement process should allow the private sector to bid on government projects and propose new projects – while maintaining transparency to inform bidders why they were or were not successful.

The challenges in the WASH sector may seem daunting, but Zambia has a growing financial market consisting of microfinance organizations, fintechs, and financial institutions that can provide the much needed financing for WASH services, including increasing the use of proven, low-cost technologies. Additionally, as the Constituency Development Fund increases and local communities have more money to potentially invest in their WASH needs, the private sector can partner with local authorities to meet those needs.

However, the private sector also needs key partners to be successful, whether that is the government, civil society, or donors. The U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID) is working with the private sector in Zambia to help achieve universal WASH. In 2022, the U.S. Government designated Zambia a high-priority country for safe and resilient water, sanitation, and hygiene assistance, which means more U.S. investments to Zambia’s WASH sector. The USAID Expanding Water and Sanitation project alone should reach 500,000 people with adequate sanitation and 633,000 with safe water by stimulating investments in sanitation, increasing availability of low cost toilet parts, and leveraging $2 million from the private sector.

Zambia is making progress towards universal WASH access, but cannot achieve that goal alone. The Zambian government must open pathways to partnership with the private sector to ensure that the millions of Zambians without access to WASH services are not left behind.

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Proper water and sanitation is foundational to

Uncategorized

Government’s efforts to address the high cost of living has faced hurdles as the cost of living continues accelerating.

According to the October report of the Jesuit Centre for Theological Reflection – JCTR, the cost of living for a family of five in Lusaka has increased to K9, 294.76 In comparison to the recorded figure of K9, 146.06 in September 2023 which signifies an increase of K148.70.

This contradicts governments efforts of working towards arresting the high cost of living.

According to the JCTR report made available to the Zambian Business Times – ZBT, the report revealed an increase in food items such as roller mealie meal beans, kapenta, charcoal and a decrease in fruits such as mangoes, oranges and apples.

Last month, Zambia witnessed its annual inflation rate increase for the fourth consecutive month, reaching 12.6% which marked the highest inflation rate recorded since March 2022, surpassing the 12% rate observed in September 2023. This will have negative effects on a number of households who are already struggling with transport and other essential commodities that have gone up.

“The persistent issue of the cost of living in Zambia has been a recurring concern for the nation. Citizens have grappled with the challenges of affording basic necessities including mealie meal, and this longstanding problem continues to be a focal point of public discourse and policy considerations. It is essential to closely monitor factors such as inflation, fluctuating commodity prices, and overall economic conditions. In October 2023, Zambia witnessed its annual inflation rate increase for the fourth consecutive month, reaching 12.6%. This marked the highest inflation rate recorded since March 2022, surpassing the 12% rate observed in September 2023. The primary driving factor behind this inflation surge has been the continued depreciation of the Zambian kwacha, which has impacted the overall pricing dynamics within the country,” revealed the report. 

JCTR noted that despite the ongoing endeavours by the government to alleviate the high cost-of-living, pressures continue to encounter formidable challenges.

“Economic instability, external shocks affecting prices of essential commodities such as fuel, and increased vulnerabilities have combined to create a complex landscape. These hurdles necessitate a comprehensive and adaptable strategy to safeguard the well-being of the populace and set the stage for enduring solutions. In light of this, JCTR recommends implementing the following measures, in addition to those already in effect, to tackle the high cost of living: Government should proceed with its plans to distribute maize grain directly through the reserve agency to communities as a short-term measure to mitigate the impact of the rising cost of mealie meal. It is key that the most vulnerable communities across urban, peril-urban and rural areas are targeted. However, it is crucial that this effort is accompanied by a long-term strategy to enhance domestic maize production and food security, as sustained and affordable access to staple foods should be a fundamental goal for ensuring the well-being of all Zambians,” JCTR suggested.

“However, it’s worth noting that the proposed 2024 national budget lacks measures to scale up the cash transfer value. Government working through the Energy Regulation Board, should take immediate action to address the high fuel prices, as it is crucial for economic stability. Despite having implemented cost-reflective tariffs in the energy sector, it would be beneficial for the board to explore innovative solutions and run simulations to assess the impact of reverting to a 90-day fuel price adjustment mechanism. The JCTR’s Basic Needs and Nutrition Basket Surveys consistently highlight how fuel price volatility significantly affects commodity and service prices in the market. Achieving stability and predictability in fuel prices is essential to prevent these costs from being passed on to consumers,” suggested JCTR.

JCTR therefore encouraged the government to expedite its process in addressing the high cost of living.

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Government’s efforts to address the high cost

Opinion

 Editorial

 One of the biggest hurdles that ruling parties face after securing victory in especially countries like ours where poverty is widespread and opportunities are hard to come by, is to keep the support base intact.

 If you deeply look at Zambia’s ruling parties from UNIP, to MMD, to PF and now UPND, the history behind their eventual loss of power or erosion of their support base all boils down to internal dissatisfaction and betrayals.

 You see, in a country of fewer and in-between opportunities in private enterprise, or availability of jobs awarded on merit, discontentment starts to build and eventually consumes the ruling party. All party functionaries who previously worked as volunteers want to become full-time paid employees.

 Today, this internal disillusionment and dissatisfaction is perhaps the biggest risk that the ruling UPND faces. Because of limited local enterprise opportunities, the high cost of living, and other productivity challenges, almost all UPND die-hard supporters end up looking for government jobs, government contracts, and government favors, some of which border on seeking appointments on tribal lines, nepotism and all sorts of justifications.

 There are so many people today who were ardent UPND supporters who feel entitled to living a good life even if they don’t engage in productive activities, even if they were appointed and have lost their jobs out of their wrongdoing. Somehow, they still believe they contributed to the victory of the UPND in wrestling power from the PF and that sense of entitlement continues for as long as the party remains in power.

 This is the reason why it’s advisable for a ruling party in Zambia to seek broad-based national development, to get a better share from Mining exports, grow Zambia’s Agro exports and stabilize the Kwacha, to give jobs and business opportunities on merit rather than tribal or political party lines. It’s the only way out.

 People need to understand that winning an election in Africa and in particular in Zambia, is more complex than meets an uninitiated eye. Most supporters of political parties end up with an illusion that they contributed heavily to the victory, but the reality is that the contribution weights or scales that the eventual winner president finds on ascending to the highest office are far more different.

 Moreover, Zambia like most developing nations has income generation challenges, and weak systems to ensure maximum collection of both tax and nontax revenues. Its economic and financial management systems are basic, with huge skills and exposure deficiencies. The country therefore ends up with no money for investments as most of the revenues collected are paid out as salaries, emoluments, and other consumption needs.

 The other big challenge is the ownership structure of the Zambian economy. The fact that there are no major citizen-owned businesses and financiers entails that most citizens’ contribution to winning an election is reduced to merely lining up and casting a single ballot or making the loudest noise at political rallies or social media.

 The real question is who will have more sway post elections between financiers and political party carders? How about the ones who pay for the political party campaign activities? How about the intelligence support that political parties receive both locally and from outside Zambia?

 How about the work of social engineers and social media tactics and strategies which today are key determinants in electoral outcomes? How about direct and indirect support from foreign governments through embassies and their contacts in Zambia?

 This matrix of elements used to influence voter turnout and ultimate electoral results all need serious funding. And if we as Zambians continue to think that we can have our own government free of external financiers’ influence, to have a Government that acts in the best interest of the majority of Zambians and its collective long-term interests, we need to first own the various sectors society and command economic power.

 The current high levels of poverty in the country if left unchecked, as you know which also leads to intellectual bankruptcy, will continue to lead to senseless politics that we are witnessing today. Even so-called educated people, our judiciary, and the legislature will continue to make decisions that are not in the interest of the nation but for securing the jobs of the appointees.

 All in all, what is needed is a locally owned and controlled Zambian economy. Zambian ownership of key and strategic sectors needs to be supported and remain a strategic goal for the government. Otherwise, Zambians should brace for the election of one puppet after another, to endorsement of either Western or Eastern bloc-sponsored frontmen disguised as national leaders.

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 Editorial  One of the biggest hurdles that ruling

Markets

Association for Micro Finance Institutions in Zambia –AMIZ- has underscored the need for government to interrogate the private Banks regarding the high interest rates, and examine what can be done to reduce the costs.

Interest rates have been increasing, and current ranging at about 25%, making it difficult for people to access capital.

AMIZ Executive Director Webster Mate noted that when asked, Micro Finance Associations will say the operating costs are high, noting that the interest rate is a factor of the operating cost, cost of funding, and other economic variables such as the inflation rate. He said there is need to investigate how high the operating costs are, and the areas. “When you look at the break down of operating costs, you also need to identify which particular ones are a problem and maybe look at ways of trying to address those issues” said Mate.

In an exclusive interview with the Zambian Business Times –ZBT, Mate said Zambian banks are charging much higher as compared to banks in other markets. “A good comparison is East Africa. You would be shocked that banks there would be charging in the region of 13%, Micro Finance are the ones charging in the region of 25%, 30%” said Mate. He said when compared with Zambian banks, it is double of what East Africa is charging, and worse for Micro Finance Institutions.

Mate has therefore underscored the need for government to interrogate the private sector , and find out why the rates are high, and which particular operating costs are high, as well as what can be done. He noted that with the coming of digital banking services such as mobile money, and digital finance, the expectation was that some of the costs would be lowered as a result of digitalisation, but noted that the reduction is very insignificant. “There is need to have a more robust and candid discussions with the private sector on why these rates are like this” said Mate.

Mate further emphasised that the major thing government can do is to stabilise the macroeconomic environment by having stability in inflation, interest rates, and the exchange rate. He said if there is stability in the variables, interest rates would also be relatively stable.

He however noted that this is an age old problem in Zambia. Mate referred to a period between 2013 and 2015 when the Patriotic Front PF regime decided to cut interest rates with the intention of lowering the rates, but noted that the policy did not work. Mate explained that when interest rates are cut, lenders stop lending to people, and start investing in other areas where they will make money as opposed to giving their money to people they consider a risk. “So if the interest rate cap did not work, the question should be, what other measures can be used? And that is why I am saying an engagement with the private sector to find out whether their claim that the operating costs are high is true or not, and which particular expenses are those” said Mate. 

He is of the view that such kind of discussion would be more logical, and would help everyone, particularly government to understand whether they are telling the truth, and if so examine what needs to done. Mate noted that the interest rate is a price for money, and may be a case of people wanting to keep their rates of profit at a certain level, and can use the pricing to do that. He said it is a discussion that it is important, and urgent.        

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Association for Micro Finance Institutions in Zambia

Companies

The First National Bank – FNB Zambia has announced a strategic partnership with two other entities aimed at reducing the use of charcoal in urban areas and promoting Low Carbon Emissions Alternative Technologies and Fuels (ATFs).  

The initiative which looks to curb deforestation caused by charcoal production is aligned to the multispectral commitment to drive sustainable green energy solutions and the Bank’s vision of creating a better world.

Speaking on the partnership, FNB Zambia Head- Retail Banking Mwamba Musambo said, the FNB Clean Cooking Solution Loan Product will enable public and private sector employees to access affordable loans for the acquisition of clean cooking technologies and fuels from Radian Stores.

“We are excited to partner with like-minded organizations that share our vision driving climate-smart solutions which in turn benefits the environment,” she said.

Musambo said despite the many benefits of clean cooking solutions, there are still significant barriers to their adoption and use, such as high upfront costs, lack of awareness, limited availability, and low consumer trust.

She added that “Customers will enjoy interest rates as low as 15% for purchases of green products from Radian Stores. To us, this is reimagining help for the customers we serve”.

USAID Alternatives to Charcoal A2C Project, Technical Director, Lloyd Archer said, “It is gratifying that the engagements with the Zambian Government to deliver on its energy, environment, and climate priorities have yielded positive and tangible results demonstrated by the tripartite partnership we are witnessing today with USAID, FNB Zambia, and Radian Stores.

Archer said the Alternatives to the Charcoal program was designed to respond to energy and environmental challenges by reducing household charcoal consumption by 25% and increasing the use of alternative technologies and fuels by 38%, with the overall aim of reducing deforestation and Green House Green emissions in Zambia”.

Meanwhile, Radian Stores Director and Chief Operations Officer, Abhilash Bajpai said, “We are very confident that the initiative by FNB to offer affordable financing to the customers for purchase of clean cooking products will encourage many households to make a shift to cleaner cooking.

“We have agreed with FNB Zambia and USAID Alternatives to Charcoal Product to offer a 5% discount to all their customers who will be accessing loans to buy such clean cooking products, so that these products become even more affordable and accessible”.

Customers applying for FNB Zambia’s Green Loan Product will be required to make applications with the Bank who will facilitate purchase from Radian Stores.

FNB Zambia, USAID alternatives to charcoal project and Radian Stores are committed to helping customers and communities make a positive impact on the planet while saving money and energy

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The First National Bank – FNB Zambia

Lifestyle

The World Youth and Leadership Foundation – WYLF, says lecturers are to blame for the increasing sex for grades cases in higher learning institutions because as parent figures, they are supposed to be guiding students in learning institutions.

There has been growing sexual harassment cases in higher learning institutions of which the common one have been prominent lecturers from some of the biggest higher learning institution like CBU demanding sex in exchange for grades.

According to a case study by the University of Zambia on the University Students’ Perspective of Sexual Harassment, there were significantly more female students who perceived a lot of sexual harassment to be occurring at UNZA.

Speaking in an exclusive interview with the Zambian Business Times -ZBT, WYLF organization Director Nalishebo Nyambe, however, said When a student offers themselves or themselves for sex in exchange for grades, lecturers are supposed to exercise their professionalism by recognizing that the child is getting out of hand.

Nyambe said there is a serious need for lecturers to be disciplined and understand their roles and responsibilities in learning institutions.

He said It is unacceptable when a student offers themselves for sex, and the lecturer accepts.

“When a student offers herself or himself for sex in exchange for grades, as a parent you first have to recognize that the child is getting out of hand and quickly be able to control yourself and help the child by not accepting the offer. The lecturers need to be disciplined and understand their roles and responsibilities as parents in learning institutions. When you are offered something you have to remind yourself of the principles,” he said.

“It will be very unfair if a student offers themselves for sex in exchange for grades and the lecturer accepts. We stand with the students because when parents send their children to school, lecturers are supposed to behave as parents. They are the ones to guide the students on the right path. I’m blaming the lecturers because they are parents who are supposed to be guiding students in learning institutions. Lecturers are supposed to be disciplined to understand that they are the parents in learning institutions,” said Nyambe.

Nyambe however noted that students also need to understand that they go to school for self-development and not for sexual and illicit activities.

He therefore encouraged students to be disciplined and focused on education and advised lecturers to embrace professionalism.

He noted that most students do not disclose sexual harassment cases to relevant authorities for fear of being victimized by their peers or their partners which makes it hard for institutions to punish offenders.

He said in cases where harassment issues are brought out, Learning institutions must be willing to dismiss offenders involved in offering grades for sex and vice versa.

He noted that if offenders found wanting are not dismissed and punished according to the law, it escalates more of related offenses.

Nyambe also urged the government to implement stiff punishments to deter would-be offenders.

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The World Youth and Leadership Foundation -