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The Information Communication Technology – ICT and Telecommunication sectors have recorded increased business opportunities while the hotel and travel industry has been the worst hit by the COVID pandemic, the Zambia Chamber of Commerce and Industry – ZACCI has revealed.

The COVID-19 pandemic has tested the resilience of the Zambian economy and is exacerbating the development challenges confronting it. More than 70 percent of Zambian firms are still experiencing depressed demand for their goods or services compared to the situation before the pandemic.

Zambia Chamber of Commerce and Industry (ZACCI) has confirmed that about 5% of all businesses in Zambia has permanently closed and 2.3% closed temporarily closed since the onset of the Covid-19 pandemic.

ZACCI president Chabuka Kawesha said in an interview the Zambian Business Times-ZBT that loss of customers is the most significant challenge rated by 77.3% of the businesses. “Other reported challenges include supply chain cuts at 37.7%, high commodity prices/material prices reported at 36.0 % and problems with late payments at 32.3%, among others. These challenges largely affect operating revenue for enterprises.

“On the input supply side, the largest firms have been far more able to source input materials than have small and medium enterprises,” Dr. Kawesha said. He said the ZACCI business confidence index for first quarter of 2021 was recorded at 48 points, an improvement from the 38 recorded in the fourth quarter of 2020.

Dr Kawesha said the 48 points implies that the business executives still expressed negative sentiments about the business environment, but the confidence levels were an improvement from the previous quarter.

He said the main reasons that led to negative sentiments in the business environment were COVID-19, depreciation of the kwacha, changing cost of doing business, lower demand for goods and higher import prices.

“The ZACCI survey reveals that the performance of business has worsened in the first quarter (Q1) of 2021 compared to Q4 of 2020 due to the aforementioned reasons.

“Further, the survey reveals that most businesses maintained their staff in Q1 2020 whilst some staff worked from home. Furthermore, businesses experienced reduced demand for their products in the same period. Additionally, the survey reveals that the general cost of doing business increased in Q1 of 2021,” he said.

Dr Kawesha said the tourism sector was hit hard particularly during this period while the Information and Communication Technology sector (ICT) fared well given the circumstances.

He observed that by August 2020, Zambia had not received any international tourists since March and during the first half of 2020, international passenger arrivals declined by more than half a million due to suspensions in international travel.

Dr. Kawesha said this decline was compounded by a drop in occupancy rates in hotels and restrictions on large gatherings.

He said in the ICT sector, areas that have seen an uptick include e-learning, online education, and e-governance as shoppers begin to self-isolate and avoid crowded areas, the clear winner is the e-commerce sector, with digital payment taking over a lot faster than the physical payment options.

“Nevertheless, the majority of enterprises are committed to continue operations by adhering to the new normal requirements to do businesses alongside Covid-19 threats.

“Enterprises have further resolved to adopt new development strategies by embracing and exploring new business models, accelerating technological, product and services innovation, and strengthening global reach of supply chain and expansion of overseas market,” Dr. Kawesha said.

He said to cushion the effects of the pandemic, the Government must balance health, monetary and fiscal policy with a top priority being the containment of the virus.

Dr Kawesha said the roll out of a vaccination programme would be key to achieving this goal; sectors such as tourism will struggle to recover otherwise.

However, both monetary and fiscal policy need to adjust adding that on the monetary policy side, the exchange rate and inflation rate need to be stabilized while a cogent debt management strategy must be operationalized on the fiscal side.

“The Government is aware of the destruction to productive capacities resulting from the impact of the pandemic on key drivers of sustained growth and has launched an Economic Recovery Programme (ERP) to guide policymaking in the period 2020-2023 and cushion the socio-economic impact of the pandemic.

“However, a robust monitoring and evaluation mechanism for the ERP will be important in tracking progress in cushioning the effects of COVID-19,” he said.

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The Information Communication Technology - ICT and

Mining

Mopani Copper Mines – MCM which was recently handed back to ZCCM IH under a local management team has continued to improve production month on month since the transition on April 1, 2021 producing 8,306 tons and 8,330 in April and May resulting in monthly revenues of about US$80 million

It’s monthly average revenues have continued to improve based on sustained month on month improvements as well as improved international prices of the commodity. Mopani copper mines produced copper worth about US$78,730,995 in May 2021 at the current market prices of US$ 9,451.50 on the London Metal Exchange (LME).

MCM public relations manager Nebert Mulenga said despite the various challenges imposed by the Covid-19 pandemic, the company was able to produce 8,306 tons of finished copper in April and 8,330 tons in May 2021.

Speaking in an interview with Zambian Business Times-ZBT, Mulenga said it is, however, important to note that the company was still producing below the required minimum production levels of 10,000 tons per month in order to sustain the business.

“I can confirm that we have continued to improve production month on month since the transition on April 1, 2021. Despite the various challenges imposed by the COVID-19 pandemic, we produced 8,306 tons of finished copper in April 2021 and 8,330 tons in May 2021.

“It is, however, important to note that we are still below the required production levels of 10,000 tons minimum per month in order to sustain the business,” he said. Mulenga said this requires that the company increases own-source production and reduce dependence on third party purchased material.

He said Mopani’s priority for now remains to stabilise operations and ensure that it improves production as it looks to commissioning its expansion projects in the near future.

“We are optimistically looking forward to the fruition of our investments in three new shafts (Synclinorium and Mindola Deep Shafts at Nkana and Henderson Shaft in Mufulira) as well as the brand new Synclinorium Concentrator,” he said.

Mulenga said once all projects are fully commissioned, the company was confident that it would see improvements in its production levels, efficiencies and safety, in addition to extending the life of the mines.

ZCCM-Investment Holdings (ZCCM-IH) in March 2021 became officially the majority owner of Mopani Copper Mines, a move that is in line with the company’s new strategic plan 2020 – 2026.

There has been calls for some copper mines to be Zambian owned so that the country can have some benchmark to use in the management of the entire industry. However, there are indications that Mopani May enter into a equity partnership agreement to improve its ability to raise cash on international markets to fund its completion of the Synclinorium Investments.

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Mopani Copper Mines - MCM which was

Sport

The Football Association of Zambia – FAZ has declined to comment on whether they will keep or sack the Zambia national football team Serbian coach Milutin ‘Micho’ Sredojevic. This follows calls and a vote of no confidence passed on the Serbian following his unconvincing stint.

When contacted by the Zambian Business Times – ZBT, FAZ Public Relations Manager Sydney Mugala refuse to state what course of action the association will take following the two embarrassing defeats at the hands of Lesotho and Swaziland at ongoing COSAFA tournament.

Mugala stated that “lets give them a chance and and see how they are going to perform in the next match. To make a good judgement on his performance and the performance of the Chipolopolo Boys, people must wait for all the matches to be played and thats when we will decide whether Micho must fired or not”

For now, FAZ has called on soccer fans to remain calm  and to remain supportive of the Chipolopolo boys.

A check on social media also shows that calls for the resignation of FAZ president Andrew Kamanga have re-ignited after a relative calm in the past few months. Soccer fans are dissatisfied with his administration whose achievements have mostly been in youth football and women’s football.

The Kamanga administration has seen the fancied Chipolopolo side miss playing at three consecutive African cup of nations in a row, a bitter pill to swallow for most soccer fans. Kamanga’s rise to the football hot seat had also been at the expense of Zambia’s soccer icon – Kalusha Bwalya, whose administration delivered Zambia’s first AFCON trophy in 2012.

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The Football Association of Zambia - FAZ

Agribusiness

The exorbitant retail prices for cooking oil have raised concerns after the commodity recorded over 80% price increase between 2020 and 2021. So many reasons have been proffered to justify this price jump but the Zambian Business Times – ZBT can reveal that local production and processing seems to be winning the debate.

After a Lumezi – Eastern Province based local cooking oil processor told ZBT that they were producing and retailing cooking oil at half the price obtaining in Chain stores, another Mazabuka – Southern Province based local farmer and processor has revealed that they are also able to produce cooking oil and sell it at under K100 for a 2.5 litters container.

A farmer based in Mazabuka has encouraged local farmers to venture into value addition and start looking at farming as a business, which should be the vision for the country and region as it is the only way to grow from small-scale to commercial farming.

Nkolola Halwindi, Chenko farm Director who grows sunflower that she later processes into cooking oil and makes animal feed as a by-product is currently producing about 220 litres of cold pressed cooking oil per day, has told the Zambian Business Times – ZBT that vegetable oil prices can be lowered by tangible local production.

Halwindi said cooking oil is one of the easiest products to produce as a small-scale farmer adding that farmers should grow their own sunflower, as it is cheaper and can help other farmers around by providing outgrower schemes.

She said 33-37 kgs of sunflower can produce 10-12 litres of cooking oil, noting that that is also dependent on the variety of sunflower and farmers should plant specific sunflower varieties bearing in mind whether they want to produce more cooking oil or sunflower cake.

She noted that the advantage of value addition when it comes to sunflower is getting the oil out of the crop as well as the sunflower cake which is used for animal feed adding that she uses half of the by-product to feed the animals on the farm and sells half at K205 per kg at wholesale price.

She further said the cooking oil, which is selling for K39 per litre (about K97 for a 2.5 Litter container) , realises 70%-100% profit and is mostly sold to people that buy in bulk at wholesale price for resale purposes with a few refining it and most of them repackaging it into smaller bottles and others selling it to fast food businesses and restaurants.

She noted that deodorising cooking oil is expensive for small-scale farmers and the local market does not value virgin cold pressed oil with the original smell but instead prefer refined cooking oil, which requires an extra expense for the producer who would in turn charge a much higher price for the cooking oil.

“People will order virgin cold pressed oil thinking they are getting refined oil, they just think to say this is cheap not realizing that they are getting cold pressed oil which comes in its original state. Those who are health conscience would buy the cold pressed oil at a premium so it’s just a matter of helping our local customers understand which one is a healthier product”, she said.

She said it is possible to sell the customers the refined product at a higher price, which also means they would lose the health benefits of the cold pressed cooking oil.

Halwindi said labeling the product is expensive, the certification process is also a challenge especially for local farmers who are not knowledgeable adding that getting certification from the Zambia Bureau of Standards  (ZABS) is a long process which one cannot wait for before putting their products on the market.

Speaking to the Zambian Business Times-ZBT, Halwindi mentioned that investments are required when it comes to value addition, as one needs to acquire machinery and other necessities.

She said some of the challenges that local and emerging farmers face is the high cost of funding for expansion of projects or value addition and the high interest rates on loans is prohibitive while the limited access to finances is equally a concern.

She noted that most Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) have big plans, which need support in terms of access to markets, collateral for funding as well as relevant data and information for their target markets.

She has challenged fellow local farmers to remain focused, resilient and invest in knowledge around consumer preferences as well as global trends in value addition link in agriculture adding that farming should be considered a business.

She has appealed to government to support SMEs and local farmers to fast track mechanization of their agribusinesses. They should look at even direct machinery support as this would help the country produce affordable food for the people.

Halwindi said being linked to the market is important and when the cooking oil is labelled and certified possibly before the end of this year, Chenko farm plans to have its cooking oil brand on the shelves of major supermarkets in major towns across the country by next year.

She said long-term plans include tapping into the export market and exporting to neighbouring countries such as Namibia, which is a large consumer of some Zambian products, Angola, Congo DR, Malawi and Zimbabwe.

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The exorbitant retail prices for cooking oil

Agribusiness

Zambia’s leading potato producer, Buya Bamba has been accused of controlling the Zambian Potato market by limiting access to their outgrower program and its seed to a few select large scale farmers at the expense of local small scale farmers who can enable the country meet its national potato demand.

Zambia Seed Company Limited (ZAMSEED) Company Director of Research Dr. Bhola Verma has revealed that Buya Bamba Limited has continued to maintain a monopoly on potatoes by only providing seed potatoes to farmers who are willing to sell their produce back to the company.

Verma said the company normally provides seed potatoes to large-scale farmers who it later buys all the potatoes from in order to keep having control of the market, which is unfortunate for small-scale farmers, as they are not supported.

Verma further said the discriminatory approach that the company uses to maintain the monopoly, unfortunately, neglects small-scale local farmers who would want to venture into growing potatoes.

Speaking in an exclusive interview with the Zambian Business Times – ZBT, Verma said ZAMSEED used to produce seed potatoes about five years ago but the company could not break even due to lack of adequate facilities.

When Zamseed used to produce potato seeds, two thirds of the seed potatoes that were produced was sold but the rest were spoilt and wasted, a situation the company could not handle and therefore decided to let more specialized companies handle the production.

He further said the biggest challenge that the company had was not having enough cold rooms because producing seed potatoes requires proper infrastructure and unfortunately, the situation with storage facilities has not changed until now.

He noted that the company has a farm, appropriate structures and other basic requirements but unfortunately, cold rooms are the biggest challenge adding that the rest can easily be acquired.

He also said people with the right facilities and expertise can produce seed potatoes as it is not a difficult thing to do, but requires investment in cold rooms and other key requirements.

Verma mentioned that producing seed potatoes is a specialized craft and it is very important to have proper storage facilities if one is to venture into it.

Zambia has recently experienced increase in prices of commodities that include Potatoes. This has led to consumers questioning why even locally produced goods and Agro produce has also followed suits with prices increasing by over 50% within a year.

An analysis of the potatoes market has revealed that there are limited local producers on the market leading to monopolistic tendencies by the few large scale producers. Local farmers who make the largest numbers and account for the highest production volumes are not actively engaged in the current Potato out-grower programs.

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Zambia’s leading potato producer, Buya Bamba has

Agribusiness

The Small Scale Farmers Development Agency-SAFADA says lifting the ban on the exportation of raw soya beans is an economic draw back, which will delay the development of value addition in the agriculture sector.

SAFADA Executive Director Boyd Moobwe said government should instead facilitate industrialization so that whatever is produced in the country can be processed and exported as high value finished products.

Moobwe said the kwacha has continued to depreciate and lose value against the dollar because the country is not into production adding that if farmers are assisted, Zambia can be a food basket for the whole Africa.

Speaking in an interview with the Zambian Business Times-ZBT, Moobwe said soya beans can be processed into soya chunks, cooking oil and livestock feed which can be exported at day double the value or more and Zambia should be in a position to produce and process so that it can export finished products.

He said there is need to produce and export finished products in order to revamp the economy and gain extra foreign exchange but that is not happening because the production level remains low due to low export earnings from export of raw or unprocessed products.

He added that being unable to increase production will result in Zambia being a dumping ground for goods from outside as the country is not able to maintain its food security. Moreover, you find that export permits are now being given even for products that are in deficit in the country.

“Some of the products that are on the Zambian market are finished products from different countries, why can’t we do the same, I know we are exporting some products but the quantity is not at an optimum level”, he said.

He said economists, agriculturalists and other technocrats should advise government on what should be done so that the economy can improve and put in place proper measures that can boost agriculture in terms of production and exports.

“Technocrats should look into this issue, otherwise we will be complaining all the time that our economy is bad and yet we are misfiring somehow. There’s peace in the country and we are able to venture into different economic activities, we don’t run around because of war and so on but there is nothing much which is put in place to help the farmers with value addition”, he said.

He said lifting the ban on the exportation of raw and unprocessed soya beans will benefit the farmers as they will be offered a better price but this will negatively affect the economy in terms of production and value addition in the long run.

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The Small Scale Farmers Development Agency-SAFADA says

Mining

The Mine Workers Union of Zambia is engaging Lafarge Zambia to ensure that workers are paid their full terminal benefits as the new Chinese owners Huanxin Cement takes over operations.

Union general secretary George Mumba said workers at Lafarge are apprehensive following the takeover of Lafarge Zambia by a Chinese cement firm after acquiring 75% of Lafarge group interest in the Zambian cement manufacturer.

Speaking in an interview with the Zambian Business Times-ZBT, Mumba said workers want to be paid their terminal benefits as they wait to hear whether they will continue working at the same company under new ownership.

“The only fear we have is that Lafarge has a change in ownership, so the workers are very apprehensive and they would want to see that they are paid their benefits”.

“So far, Lafarge has not mentioned of any intention to slash its workforce but we are engaging them to make sure that we know the way forward,” he said.

There is fear that the new owners conditions of service will be materially different. Some long service employees fear that they may lose out on their benefits as the new owners may introduce new measures and frustrate them into resigning and losing their benefits.

Chinese cement giant Huanxin Cement recently acquired majority stake and took over the troubled French local unit, Lafarge Zambia. Huanxin Cement acquired 75% of all of Lafarge group interest in the Zambian cement manufacturer.

Individual and institutional shareholders publicly hold the other remaining 25% stake in Lafarge. Lafarge Zambia company secretary Chibuye Mbesuma-Ngulube confirmed the takeover of Lafarge Zambia by Huanxin Limited of China.

Ngulube stated that an agreement for the sale of 75% of the company was executed by majority shareholders in Lafarge Zambia i.e. Finaciere Lafarge and Pan African Cement to Huanxin for an enterprise value of USD150 million.

The Lafarge Zambia company secretary however indicated that this is a related party transaction as Lafarge Holchim group holds about 42% shares in Huanxin group. Lafarge Zambia has two cement plants in Zambia, one in Lusaka Chilanga area and the other in Ndola’s Masaiti area.

The combined production of the two plants is 1.5 million tons per annum with the aggregate plant producing about 600k tons.

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The Mine Workers Union of Zambia is

Agribusiness

Bread prices on the market have continued to go up despite Zambia recording about 7% increase in wheat production this year. Consumers have complained of continued increase in essential commodity prices, with some price increases going over and above the Kwacha depreciation rate.

One would normally expect prices of bread to come down or remain stable when wheat production increases, the situation in Zambia is distorted owing to the rapid Kwacha depreciation and uncoordinated policies were the ministry of Agriculture and Livestock has continued to issue export permits even for produce that are in short supply within the country.

According to information obtained from the Zambia Statists Agency (ZamStats) by the Zambian Business Times – ZBT, Zambia’s wheat production has increased from 191,620 metric tonnes in 2020 to 205,882 metric tonnes in 2021.

Millers Association of Zambia – MAZ President Andrew Chintala in 2020 disclosed to ZBT that Zambia has a wheat deficit of around 120,000 metric tonnes, normally supplemented by imports. However, cutting the deficit has been a challenge as local farmers have struggled to undertake efficient wheat cultivation.

And Zambia Seed Company Limited (Zamseed) Director of Research Dr. Bhola Verma says the 7% increase in wheat production is phenomenal, as national yields do not change very much on annual basis.

Verma said on a countrywide basis, changes of more than 5% in wheat production do not usually occur adding that this change can be because of the favourable season experienced last year as unfavourable weather conditions also contributed to fluctuations in production in the previous years.

Speaking in an interview with the Zambian Business Times – ZBT, Verma said the 7% increase is an indication that with more concerted efforts, the country is capable of increasing its wheat production in the coming years.

He said the increase can also be attributed to an increased planted area and application of fertiliser among other important factors noting that farmers may sometimes plant bigger areas due to better prices offered for products.

Verma said the good rainfall that was experienced recharged water tables and dams across the country which can result in increased wheat production as availability of water can be a challenge sometimes  due to low rainfall which leads to water tables not been recharged and this may result in low production because some farmers end up reducing the planting area.

He said the increase in production can be largely attributed to the good rainfall that was experienced which led to water tables been recharged and filling up of dams. Wheat is a winter crop that relies on irrigation and adequate water availability.

He mentioned that Zamseed developed two wheat varieties namely harrier and falcon, and farmers should consider using these seeds as they can contribute to increasing production due to their high quality.

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Bread prices on the market have continued

Agribusiness

Crushers and Edible Oil Refiners Association – CEDORA members who had earlier stated that imported refined cooking oil would still land at a higher price than their final cooking oil products have u-turned and requested government to grant them import permits for refined cooking oil.

This follows the recorded drop in cooking oil prices following the government issuing of an import quota to traders to bring in refined cooking oil to plug up the supply gap that had seen retail prices continue to increase out of the reach of most working class Zambians.

An impeccable source has disclosed to the Zambian Business Times – ZBT that government has rejected a request by local cooking oil manufacturers to start importing packed refined cooking oil, after the prices of cooking oil dropped.

The source said the Crushers and Edible Oil Refiners Association (CEDORA) has asked government to allow them to import packed refined cooking oil as opposed to the current scenario where they import crude palm oil which they then refine locally.

The source said it is surprising that CEDORA wants to start importing refined cooking oil, as they were not for the idea of allowing the importation of refined cooking oil saying that they could beat the price of imported cooking oil.

The source said it is not clear why the association wants to start importing refined cooking oil as government has suspended Value Added Tax (VAT) on the importation of crude palm oil which should assist with the cost of importing the oil.

When contacted for a comment, CEDORA Director Aubrey Chibumba said he could not comment on the matter. Chibumba in the past disclosed to ZBT that local oil processing has contributed to the increase in soya beans cultivation from less than 100,000 metric tonnes per year in 2014 to the current production of over 410,000 metric tonnes this year.

Chibumba had told ZBT that 360,000 metric tonnes of soya beans was produced in 2016 but the poor prices resulted in over 100,000 local farmers exiting the cultivation of soya beans and the national cultivation dropped to 240,000 tons per year after that price crush.

He mentioned that this year’s crop from local farmers is expected to exceed the crop from commercial farmers for the first time, which has been made possible because small-scale farmers have noticed that crushers are paying good prices for soya beans.

Chibumba said soya beans is currently trading between K9 and K12 per Kg compared to the last season when the price closed at K5/Kg adding that this is the momentum that is needed to sustain the good soya beans prices currently prevailing on the market.

He said the association has proposed solutions that must be implemented before the 2021/2022 cultivation season which include local farmers having access to the best prices and will work with the Grain Traders, ZNFU, aggregators and other stakeholders to ensure that local farmers are not paid below cost prices.

Other proposed solutions include structured exports of oil seeds and market access support among other factors.

Chibumba stated that the country has huge opportunities within the agricultural space such as the oil seed cultivation and processing, a sector, which has over 800,000 tons of installed soya bean crushing capacity.

He further revealed that there are two new crushing plants under construction, which are likely to be operational by the end of the year.

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Crushers and Edible Oil Refiners Association -

Tech

A Pharmaceutical expert and former President of the Pharmaceutical Association of Zambia Jerome Kanyika has disclosed that the Moderna and Pfizer vaccines are better suitable than the Johnson and Johnson vaccine that has been ordered for the Zambian public.

Kanyika revealed that government should have procured the Johnson and Johnson vaccine during the second wave of the Covid-19 pandemic as studies and empirical data have shown that the vaccine has responded well to the South African variant.

The Zambian Government announced that it has mobilized resources to procure 4.4 million doses of Johnson and Johnson vaccine which is expected in the country in September,2021. The ministry of health further announced that about 108,000 AstraZeneca covid vaccine doses are expected this July, 120,000 doses expected in August and 100,000 doses of Sinopharm also expected by July 2021.

Kanyika said the country is supposed to be discussing acquiring more Pfizer and Moderna vaccines for the Indian delta Covid virus that the country is currently experiencing as its effectiveness has been seen from the western world and from the third wave of the virus, it is clear that the Pfizer vaccine is working well.

He said the third wave being propagated by the Indian variant virus, which is called the delta variant virus, is responding well to the Pfizer and Moderna vaccine, noting that the Johnson and Johnson vaccine is to some extent working well.

He further said the Johnson and Johnson vaccine, which is manufactured, by the Johnson and Johnson pharmaceutical company is being used by South Africa, which was hit by its own variant and has proved to perform well.

Speaking in an interview with the Zambian Business Times-ZBT, Kanyika who is also former Pharmaceutical Society of Zambia (PSZ) President said there is need to acquire vaccines that have been studied extensively like the Pfizer and Moderna vaccines where studies on their developments are coming out almost on a weekly basis unlike vaccines being condemned by developed countries.

He said the Johnson and Johnson vaccine has known risks of blood clotting with people reported dead adding that other countries have stopped using it. He however noted that Johnson and Johnson is more convenient as it only requires one dose instead of two but studies have not yet shown how effective it is and most countries have suspended its use.

“The second wave was about the South African variant virus which was responding well to the Johnson and Johnson vaccine and some patients are still testing positive for the SA variant virus, no wonder we need the Johnson and Johnson vaccine”, he said.

Kanyika has expressed concern over the pace at which government is handling the issues to do with vaccinations as most of the countries that have vaccinated most of their populations now have relaxed COVID restrictions.

“We have seen people watching football in their stadiums, we have seen their countries going back to their normal businesses but here we are taking our time for us to respond to this pandemic”, he said. He mentioned that all vaccines under Covax are subsidized, affordable and easy to procure, and that is what most developing countries are relying on.

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A Pharmaceutical expert and former President of